Encoders

Used in machinery, encoders are essentially devices that translate a signal into readable communications data using a variety of components. The type of data that's given to the control system will depend on the specific application.

Usually, encoders will measure movement or position to give an accurate reading that then enables the correct action in a process.

Whatever type of encoder you need, RS has a large selection of quality components to provide the ideal solution for any application. Choose the product to fit your needs from some of the most renowned manufacturers.

With our advanced search options, you can filter your choice by type, output, voltage, and the technology, making finding the right encoder quick and easy. If you'd like to discuss your encoder requirements with our experts, simply contact our team.

What are the different types of encoders?

There are various types of encoders and a range of technologies that are utilized within the components, depending on the design. The following types are based on the movement that's measured:

Rotary encoder

Also known as a shaft encoder, these components are named due to their ability to interpret the movement of a device that rotates into a digital encoder output signal. This then means that the control system can accurately assess the position of an object.

Typical applications of rotary encoders that rely on motor speed feedback include conveyor belt systems within automation and material handling and machinery.

Linear encoder

Although similar to rotary encoders, linear encoders interpret movement across straight lines, such as those that are found in cut-to-length processes. This type of encoder measures the distance between two set points to enable the next action.

Other common applications include printing machinery, manufacturing assembly lines, and rollers.

Absolute encoder

Rather than being an encoder itself, an absolute encoder can be either linear or rotary. The term absolute refers to the signal output and means that each point of movement features a value. This is especially useful when the accuracy of a position is crucial or when there's likely to be a lack of power for a length of time.

Multiple mechanical processes and systems rely on absolute encoders, particularly in the fields of diagnostics, communications, and robotics.

Incremental encoder

Also either linear or rotary, incremental encoders offer a simpler, but usually slightly less accurate, way of measuring movement. They rely on a reference point rather than a value at each position of movement.

A quadrature encoder is used to describe an incremental rotary encoder with two output channels rather than one. The benefit of this is that it gives an extra reference point, allowing for greater accuracy and interpretation of an object's movement.

Incremental encoders are found in many different types of machinery and packaging equipment across numerous settings due to their wide availability and affordability.

As well as the above subsets of types, encoders rely on various technologies to enable correct functioning.

How do encoders work?

Every encoder is configured with a type of technology that allows it to accurately measure an object's movement:

Optical encoder

As the name suggests, encoders configured this way use light that's usually passed through the code disc in a rotary encoder to measure pulses which are then relayed to a central control.

The pattern and interruption of light are what provide the data and enable the encoder to give accurate feedback on the motion.

Magnetic encoder

Changes in the magnetic field allow a magnetic encoder to generate a specific signal and provide pulses, similar to those in an optical encoder. A magnetic rotary encoder relies on a disc and sensor to produce the signal that is ultimately used to measure movement.

Recently, another newer type of technology has given rise to the capacitive encoder, which doesn't require a disc or LED component. This makes these encoders efficient and robust in a variety of demanding environmental settings.

Order your encoders from RS

Whether you're searching for encoders for machine control, textile equipment, robotics, or any other industrial application, you'll find what you need from RS. As North America's leading distributor of electronic components, we supply a huge range of quality products for all requirements.

Choose from top names such as Bourns, Dynapar, Encoder Products Company, Kuebler, and RS PRO and order now for quick delivery.

If you need any help selecting the right encoder or want any more information about the different types, contact our team who will be able to offer expert advice.

Our expert hub is also full of industry news, tips, and knowledge, covering a wide variety of topics such as digital communications, machine safety, and controls. Take a look at how encoders influence machine and device safety within automation.